Carbon cycle ocean10/17/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() The long-term trend in the ocean carbon sink since the early 1960s was primarily driven by the increasing uptake of anthropogenic CO 2. This goal will require a global-level effort to sustain and expand the current observational networks and to better integrate these observations with models. Understanding the variability of the ocean carbon sink is crucial for policy making and projecting its future evolution, especially in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change stocktaking activities and the deployment of CO 2 removal methods. These variations are caused by changes in weather and climate, but a volcanic eruption-induced reduction in the atmospheric CO 2 growth rate and the associated global cooling contributed as well. The most conspicuous changes in uptake occurred in the high latitudes, especially the Southern Ocean. The sink stagnated during the 1990s with rates hovering around –2 Pg C year –1, but strengthened again after approximately 2000, taking up around –3 Pg C year ––2019. In this Review, we discuss trends and variations in the ocean carbon sink. This growth of the ocean sink matches expectations based on the increase in atmospheric CO 2, but research has shown that the sink is more variable than long assumed. ![]() The ocean has absorbed 25 ± 2% of the total anthropogenic CO 2 emissions from the early 1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean uptake of –2.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year –1 for the period 1990 through 2019. ![]()
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